The Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Treating Acne: When Should You See a Doctor

Acne is a globally common skin condition, estimated to affect up to 85% of teenagers and often persisting into adulthood. Its impact, however, extends beyond physical appearance; it can leave deep psychological scars, leading to social isolation, depression, and permanent scarring, making effective treatment an urgent necessity. In the Gulf region specifically, unique challenges arise as factors like high heat and humidity can exacerbate certain conditions, especially body acne. This article aims to be a comprehensive medical guide, specifically designed to meet your needs.

The primary mission of Yalla deal is to bridge the communication gap between the clinical terminology used by dermatologists and the colloquial, descriptive language used in everyday life. This guide will translate terms like "a pimple on the face" or "large, painful bumps under the skin" into their precise medical classifications, enabling you to better understand your condition and make informed decisions about your skin's health. To ensure the highest levels of accuracy and reliability, all diagnostic and therapeutic information in this report is based on the latest evidence-based guidelines from leading global dermatological bodies, primarily the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV).

Section One: The Language and Landscape of Acne: A Clinical Classification

1.1 From "Pimples" to "Acne Vulgaris": Decoding the Terminology

Understanding acne begins with understanding the language used to describe it. While a dermatologist diagnoses the condition as Acne vulgaris, the person suffering from it may begin their research journey with simpler, more descriptive words like "pimples" or "breakouts." This linguistic variance is not just a difference in vocabulary; it reflects your journey from initial awareness of the problem to seeking specialized solutions. The following table provides a comparison between common language and medical terminology to serve as a starting point for a precise medical understanding.

Common Term (Colloquial)	Official Medical Term	Explanation and Clinical Significance
Large, painful bumps under the skin / Boils	Cystic Acne / Nodular Acne	Deep, painful inflammatory lesions that often leave scars and require specialized medical treatment.
Blackheads	Open Comedone	Follicles clogged with sebum and dead skin cells, where the contents oxidize upon exposure to air, turning black.
Whiteheads	Closed Comedone	Follicles clogged beneath the skin's surface, appearing as small, skin-colored or white bumps.
A pimple with pus	Pustule	A superficial inflammatory lesion containing visible pus, surrounded by redness.
Small red bump / Red bump	Papule	A small, red inflammatory bump, often tender to the touch, that does not contain visible pus.
Skin oils / Face oils	Sebum	The oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, the overproduction of which leads to clogged pores.

1.2 Official Classification (According to AAD/EADV Guidelines)

To determine the appropriate treatment, dermatologists classify acne lesions based on the presence of inflammation. This classification is the cornerstone of understanding how the condition progresses and which treatments are most effective for each stage.

Non-inflammatory Acne

This type represents the initial stage of acne, characterized by clogged pores without significant redness or pain.

Closed Comedones: These lesions are commonly known as whiteheads. They are follicles clogged with sebum and dead skin cells beneath the skin's surface, appearing as small, flesh-colored or white bumps. To prevent the formation of whiteheads, we adhere to exfoliating cleansers such as CeraVe Blemish Control Cleanser with fruit acids.

Open Comedones: These lesions are known as blackheads. A common misconception is that the black color is due to dirt; in reality, it is the result of the oxidation of melanin and sebum upon exposure to air. To remove blackheads, we typically use strips such as Nivea Purifying Pore Strips or Pretty Green Tea Nose Pore Strips.

Inflammatory Acne

This type occurs when the walls of clogged follicles rupture, allowing their contents to leak into the surrounding tissue and trigger an immune response.

Papules: These are the small, red, and tender bumps often described as a "small red pimple" or "red bump." They are inflamed lesions, typically less than 5mm in diameter, with no visible pus.

Pustules: These are what people commonly call pimples, described as a "pimple with pus." They are similar to papules but are visibly filled with purulent material (pus), appearing as a white or yellow center surrounded by redness.

Severe Inflammatory Acne

This type extends into deeper layers of the skin, is often painful, and carries a high risk of causing permanent scarring, making intervention by a dermatologist essential.

Nodules: Also known as nodular acne. These are large, solid, painful lumps located deep within the skin. Unlike pustules, they are firm to the touch and do not contain pus.

Cysts: This type is known as cystic acne. These are deep, painful, pus-filled lesions that are soft to the touch. They are often referred to colloquially as boils or "large, painful bumps under the skin." This is the most severe form of acne and is very likely to lead to scarring.

1.3 Determining Severity: From Mild to Severe

Dermatologists classify the severity of acne to guide the treatment plan, which corresponds to search terms used by individuals such as mild acne, moderate acne, and severe acne. This classification is based on the number and type of lesions present.

Important note: A doctor should be consulted before taking any medication. Every individual's case is different, even if the symptoms are similar.

Severity	Typical Lesions	Recommended Initial Treatment Path (According to AAD/EADV)
Mild	Mainly blackheads and whiteheads, with a few papules/pustules.	Topical therapy: topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide, or combination therapy.
Moderate	More numerous blackheads and whiteheads, a greater number of papules and pustules, with the possibility of occasional nodules.	Topical combination therapy +/- oral antibiotic.
Severe	Widespread papules and pustules, numerous nodules and cysts, often accompanied by scarring.	Oral antibiotic + topical combination therapy or oral isotretinoin.

Section Two: Anatomy of a Pimple: Key Triggers and Causes

Understanding "why" acne appears is just as important as knowing "what" it is. Sufferers actively search for the underlying causes of their condition, linking them to a variety of internal and external factors. This quest for knowledge is not mere curiosity, but a desire to control manageable factors, reflecting a belief that lifestyle changes can positively impact skin health.

2.1 Hormonal Influence: The Primary Driver

Hormonal fluctuations are the main driver of acne for many individuals, making the term hormonal acne one of the most common causes. Androgens (hormones present in both sexes) stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum, commonly known as skin oils or face oils. This hormonal effect is particularly evident at specific stages and times:

Puberty: The initial surge in androgen levels triggers the onset of acne in most teenagers.
Menstrual Cycle: Many women experience breakouts before their period, known as menstrual acne, due to changes in estrogen and progesterone levels.
Pregnancy: The dramatic hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause or worsen pregnancy acne.

2.2 The Diet-Acne Connection: Fact or Fiction?

The role of diet in exacerbating acne has long been a controversial topic, reflected in the recurring questions specialists receive about what foods increase acne. Current evidence, according to the AAD, suggests potential links but they are not conclusive or universal for everyone.

High-Glycemic Index Foods: Foods that rapidly raise blood sugar, such as sugars and refined carbohydrates, may lead to hormonal changes (specifically insulin-like growth factor-1 or IGF-1) that increase sebum production and inflammation. This partially explains the association some people observe between greasy or fried foods and acne, as they often have a high glycemic index.
Dairy Products: The specific question "does milk cause acne" is among the most common inquiries. Some studies suggest a correlation, especially with skim milk, possibly due to the hormones and growth factors naturally present in milk that may stimulate sebaceous glands. However, this relationship is not confirmed for everyone, and current guidelines recommend self-monitoring and comparing one's condition before and after consuming such products rather than a general recommendation to avoid dairy.

2.3 Lifestyle and Environmental Factors

Stress and Anxiety: Although stress does not directly cause acne, the stress hormone (cortisol) can increase sebum production, thereby worsening an existing condition.
Hygiene and Friction: Acne is not a result of poor hygiene, but some habits can contribute to its exacerbation. Acne mechanica is a type of acne caused by friction, heat, and pressure on the skin, which can occur from wearing tight clothing, using helmets, or even carrying backpacks.

2.4 The Climate Factor: A Special Focus on Body Acne

Body acne is a significant concern in the Gulf region, evident from the high search volume for this issue. The hot and humid climate creates an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive and for acne to worsen, especially in specific areas:

Back Acne: This is the most common complaint. Excessive sweating, combined with sebum and friction from clothing, leads to clogged and inflamed pores.
Chest and Shoulder Acne: These breakouts often appear along with back acne for the same environmental reasons. Answering inquiries like "causes of sudden back acne" often lies in a combination of these factors. Therefore, simple practices like showering after exercise to remove sweat and bacteria, and wearing loose, breathable fabrics can make a significant difference.

2.5 The Role of Skin Type: Oily Skin

Ultimately, oily skin is the most fertile ground for acne to develop. This skin type is characterized by overactive sebaceous glands, leading to increased sebum production that easily clogs pores. This strong correlation is why most acne products and treatments are specifically designed to meet the needs of oily skin.

Section Three: A Strategic Approach to Treatment: From Skincare Routine to Clinical Intervention

Do not search for a "magic cream" or "quick fixes." Instead, follow an integrated care routine recommended by skincare professionals. This is evident from the vast diversity of searches covering multiple product categories such as cleanser, serum, toner, moisturizer, exfoliator, mask, soap, and sunscreen. Furthermore, there are medical prescriptions with specific active ingredients like salicylic acid and niacinamide. Therefore, the treatment approach should be structured and progressive, starting from the basics and moving towards advanced, physician-supervised treatments, while considering the strict guidelines from the AAD and EADV.

3.1 Building a Basic Care Routine

Before starting any effective treatment, a solid foundation must be laid through a gentle and consistent daily routine.

Cleanser: This is the starting point and the most used product category. A gentle cleanser is recommended twice daily. For acne-prone skin, cleansers containing ingredients like salicylic acid can be particularly beneficial for gently exfoliating pores. Examples include Cetaphil Foaming Cleanser, Bioderma Sebium Foaming Gel, and La Roche-Posay Effaclar Purifying Foaming Gel.
Moisturizer: A common misconception is that oily skin does not need moisturizing. In fact, using a lightweight, non-comedogenic (does not clog pores) moisturizer is essential for maintaining the skin barrier, especially when using drying acne treatments like topical retinoids or oral isotretinoin. Examples include ACM Sebionex Hydra Repair Cream and DermEden Intense Night Cream.
Sunscreen: This is very important for those exposed to the sun due to work or study. Many acne treatments, such as retinoids and acids, increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Additionally, sun exposure can worsen post-acne dark marks (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation). A broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher should be used daily. Examples include La Roche-Posay Anthelios Spray, Bioderma Photoderm Max Aquafluid, Avene Sunscreen Fluid, and Isis Uveblock Transparent Fluid.

3.2 Over-the-Counter Active Ingredients: The First Line of Defense

These are the ingredients that many acne sufferers search for by name, forming the backbone of many acne treatment products.

Benzoyl Peroxide: This ingredient primarily acts as an antibacterial, killing the C. acnes bacteria that cause acne. AAD and EADV guidelines recommend its use in combination therapy to prevent antibiotic resistance. It is particularly effective for treating inflammatory pimples (papules and pustules).
Salicylic Acid: As a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA), it is oil-soluble, allowing it to penetrate pores and dissolve plugs made of dead skin cells and sebum. This makes it ideal for treating non-inflammatory acne (blackheads and whiteheads), such as in DermEden Intense Night Cream.
Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHA) / Glycolic Acid: Unlike BHAs, AHAs work on the skin's surface to exfoliate dead skin cells, improving skin texture and helping with post-acne marks. An example is Bioderma Pigmentbio C-Concentrate.
Niacinamide: A multi-functional ingredient known for its anti-inflammatory properties (reduces redness), its ability to regulate sebum production, and to strengthen the skin barrier. It also helps lighten post-acne marks. An example is Dalton Bright Perfection Pigmentation Serum.
Azelaic Acid: This ingredient has a triple effect: it is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and effectively targets hyperpigmentation, making it an excellent choice for treating mild to moderate inflammatory acne and brown post-acne marks.
Natural and Home Remedies: There is significant interest in natural solutions like tea tree oil, which has mild antibacterial properties. While these remedies may be useful for very mild cases, they are generally less effective and stable than clinically formulated products.

3.3 Prescription Topical Treatments: When OTC Products Are Not Enough

Topical Retinoids (Retinoid / Retinol): Retinoids are considered the "gold standard" and a cornerstone of acne treatment according to AAD and EADV guidelines. They work by normalizing the skin cell turnover process, preventing the formation of micro-plugs (the origin of all acne lesions). Common types prescribed in the Gulf region include Tretinoin (Acretin), a potent and well-studied retinoid, and Adapalene (Differin), often considered gentler and more tolerable.
Topical Antibiotics: AAD and EADV guidelines strongly advise against using topical antibiotics as a standalone treatment due to the risk of developing bacterial resistance. They should always be combined with benzoyl peroxide to reduce this risk and increase effectiveness.

3.4 Oral Medications for Moderate to Severe Acne

Oral Antibiotics: Used for moderate to severe inflammatory acne that does not respond to topical treatments alone. Tetracyclines (like doxycycline) are typically the first-choice option. The duration of use should be limited to the shortest possible period (usually 3-4 months) to limit the risk of resistance.
Isotretinoin (Roaccutane): Important notes on Isotretinoin include side effects like dryness and peeling of the skin and lips, and important warnings such as not planning pregnancy during and up to 6 months after use due to the proven risk of fetal deformities. A doctor must be consulted before use.
- Indication: The AAD strongly recommends oral isotretinoin for severe nodular/cystic acne, treatment-resistant moderate acne, or acne that causes significant scarring or psychological distress.
- Mechanism: This potent drug targets all four acne-causing factors, especially by significantly reducing sebum production.
- "My Experience": It is essential to understand and manage common side effects as part of the treatment journey. Dryness is a common complaint, with users describing "unnatural dryness, my lips are very sore." This requires using strong lip balms and gentle, intensive skin moisturizers.
- Monitoring: Treatment requires close medical supervision, including regular blood tests and strict contraception protocols for females due to the risk of severe birth defects.DO pregnancy test before, during and after using oral medicine.
- Mental Health: Potential links to mood changes and depression have been noted, requiring open and continuous communication with the treating physician.
- Outcome: Despite these challenges, about 85% of patients achieve permanent or long-term remission after a single course of treatment, making it a life-changing therapy for many with severe acne.

3.5 Hormonal Agents for Females

For adult women with hormonal acne, certain combined oral contraceptive pills or the drug spironolactone can be effective options, as they work to reduce the effect of androgens on the sebaceous glands. A specialist must be consulted before use.

Section Four: Post-Inflammatory Treatment: A Clinical Guide to Acne Marks and Scars

The skincare journey doesn't end once active pimples disappear. For many, a new and very challenging phase begins: dealing with post-acne marks and acne scars. It is crucial to clearly distinguish between these two issues, as one relates to skin color (pigmentation) and the other to texture (scars), and each has a completely different treatment approach. Using the wrong treatment, like a scar cream on a dark spot, will not yield satisfactory results.

4.1 Differentiating Between Marks and Scars: Color vs. Texture

Simply put, post-acne marks are flat spots of discoloration that remain after a pimple has healed. Acne scars, on the other hand, involve a change in skin texture, either as a depression (colloquially known as pits) or, in rare cases, a raised area on the skin surface.

4.2 Treating Pigmentation (Post-Acne Marks)

Post-Inflammatory Erythema (PIE) - Red Acne Marks

Diagnosis: These persistent red or pink spots, searched for as "red acne marks," are caused by damage and dilation of tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the dermis during the inflammatory process.
Treatment:
- Topical Treatments: Ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties like niacinamide and azelaic acid can help reduce redness. Topical vitamin C is also beneficial for its antioxidant and healing-assisting properties. An example is Bioderma Pigmentbio C-Concentrate.
- In-Office Procedures: Vascular lasers (such as pulsed dye laser) are the optimal and most effective treatment for targeting blood vessels and significantly reducing redness.

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) - Brown Acne Marks / Dark Spots / Pigmentation

Diagnosis: These brown or dark spots, searched for using terms like "brown acne marks," "dark spots," or "pigmentation," are caused by an overproduction of melanin in response to inflammation and are more common and pronounced in darker skin tones.
Treatment:
- Cornerstone: Strict sun protection using a daily sunscreen is the most critical step to prevent these spots from worsening.
- First-Line Topical Treatments: The most effective ingredients include hydroquinone (often requiring a prescription), azelaic acid, topical retinoids (like tretinoin), vitamin C, and niacinamide.
- In-Office Procedures: Chemical peels, especially with glycolic acid or salicylic acid, can accelerate the fading of superficial hyperpigmentation.

4.3 Treating Atrophic Scars (Acne Scars / Pits)

These scars are caused by a loss of collagen during an abnormal healing process and require procedures aimed at stimulating new collagen production or raising the depressions in the skin.

Skin Resurfacing Treatments:

Laser Therapy: Fractional lasers, both ablative and non-ablative, are used to create micro-injuries in the skin to stimulate new collagen growth and remodel the scar tissue.
Chemical Peels: Medium to deep peels (using trichloroacetic acid or TCA, for example) can improve the appearance of shallow atrophic scars by removing the outer layers of skin and stimulating remodeling.

Collagen Stimulation Treatments:

Microneedling: Also known as "collagen induction therapy," this procedure uses fine needles to create tiny, controlled punctures in the skin, stimulating the body's natural healing response and the production of new collagen.

Restoring Lost Volume:

Filler Injections for Scars: Injectable dermal fillers can be used to immediately lift the base of depressed scars (such as rolling scars and some boxcar scars), providing a smoother and more even appearance to the skin.

Section Five: Navigating the Acne Care Journey

In the Gulf region, personal experience and social proof are often the most influential factors in making skincare decisions. The prevalence of searches starting with "my experience" or "who has tried" reveals a deep cultural truth: the most trusted voice is not that of a brand or an expert, but that of another consumer who has gone through the same experience. This section acknowledges this unique dynamic and offers guidance on navigating it consciously, emphasizing the importance of combining community experience with specialized medical advice.

5.1 "My Experience": Don't Be Deceived by Experiences Published on Social Media

Searching for "my experience with Roaccutane," "my experience with La Roche-Posay cleanser," or "my experience with red acne marks" is a search for reassurance and validation. These personal narratives, often found on forums or video platforms, offer insights into potential side effects, expected outcomes, and practical tips, but it is essential to approach this information with caution for the following reasons:

Individuality: Skincare is a highly personal experience. What works amazingly for one person may have no effect or even cause irritation for another due to differences in skin type, condition severity, and genetic factors.
Source Evaluation: It's important to question the source of the experience. Is it a genuine review or sponsored content? Does the person sharing their experience have the same skin type and concerns?
Anecdote vs. Evidence: A distinction must be made between an individual story (anecdote) and a clinical study (scientific evidence). Others' experiences can be used to understand the potential journey, but final treatment decisions should be based on evidence-based guidelines and advice from a dermatologist.

5.2 Finding a Specialist: Local Search and Preparing for a Consultation

When over-the-counter solutions fail, seeking professional help becomes essential. These searches are highly localized; you can search for "best dermatologist in your city" or "dermatology clinic at a nearby medical center." This is the most critical step towards effective treatment in severe cases.

To get the most out of a medical consultation, it is recommended to prepare in advance:

Treatment History: Prepare a list of all products and treatments you have used in the past and present, including over-the-counter products (like cleansers, creams, serums from brands such as La Roche-Posay, CeraVe, Bioderma, Eucerin, Avene, Neutrogena, Himalaya, Cosrx, Skin1004) and prescribed medications.
Photographs: Take pictures of your skin when it's at its worst. Your acne might not be active on the day of your appointment, and photos help the doctor understand the severity of your condition.
Identifying Triggers: Note down any factors you believe may worsen your acne, such as diet, stress, or your menstrual cycle.
List of Questions: Prepare a list of questions you would like to ask the doctor about your condition and the available treatment options.

Conclusion

Acne is more than just a skin condition; it's a journey that can be frustrating and complex. However, it's important to emphasize that it is a treatable medical condition. Success in managing acne requires a multifaceted approach that starts with a precise understanding of the condition, from distinguishing between blackheads and cystic acne to determining whether leftover marks are red spots or actual pits.

The path to healthier skin is based on three fundamental pillars: first, building a consistent and gentle daily care routine. Second, using the right active ingredients that target the underlying causes of acne, whether available over-the-counter or requiring a prescription. And third, and most importantly, seeking professional guidance from a qualified dermatologist, especially for moderate to severe acne or when dealing with scars.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What are the medical names for different types of pimples like blackheads and deep, painful bumps?

Blackheads are medically known as "Open Comedones." Whiteheads are known as "Closed Comedones." A small, red, painful bump is a "Papule." A red bump containing visible pus is a "Pustule." Deep, large, and painful lumps under the skin are either "Nodules" or "Cysts," which are severe forms of acne.

2. What is the difference between non-inflammatory and inflammatory acne?

Non-inflammatory acne consists of clogged pores without significant redness or pain, such as blackheads and whiteheads. It is considered the initial stage. Inflammatory acne occurs when these clogged pores rupture, causing an immune response that leads to red, swollen, and painful lesions like papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.

3. What are the main causes of acne, and does my diet really affect it?

The main driver of acne is hormonal fluctuations, specifically androgen hormones, which increase oil (sebum) production. This is common during puberty, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy. Other factors include stress and skin friction. Regarding diet, current evidence suggests a potential but not definitive link. High-glycemic index foods (sugars, refined carbohydrates) and some dairy products may worsen acne in some individuals, but the recommendation is to monitor your skin's response rather than completely avoiding these foods.

4. How does the hot and humid climate in the Gulf affect my acne?

The hot and humid climate creates an ideal environment for acne-causing bacteria to grow. Combined with increased sweating and friction from clothing, this can lead to clogged and inflamed pores, significantly worsening acne, especially body acne on the back, chest, and shoulders.

5. What is a good daily skincare routine if I have acne?

A basic routine should include three key steps: Cleanse: Use a gentle cleanser twice daily. Moisturize: Apply a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer to maintain the skin barrier, especially if you are using drying acne treatments. Protect: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher every day. This is crucial as many acne treatments increase sun sensitivity, and sun exposure can worsen dark spots.

6. What are the most effective ingredients I can find in over-the-counter products?

For blackheads and whiteheads (non-inflammatory): Salicylic acid is very effective as it can penetrate pores to dissolve blockages. For red pimples (inflammatory): Benzoyl peroxide is effective at killing acne-causing bacteria. For overall improvement, redness, and marks: Niacinamide and Azelaic acid are excellent multi-tasking ingredients that reduce inflammation, regulate sebum, and help fade pigmentation.

7. When is it necessary to see a dermatologist for acne?

You should see a dermatologist if you have severe acne, characterized by numerous deep and painful nodules and cysts. It is also recommended to seek professional help if your acne is moderate but not improving with over-the-counter treatments, or if it is causing significant scarring or psychological distress.

8. What are topical retinoids (like Acretin) and why are they considered the "gold standard"?

Topical retinoids (like tretinoin, brand name Acretin) are prescription vitamin A derivatives. They are considered the "gold standard" and the cornerstone of acne treatment because they work at the very beginning of the acne formation process. They normalize skin cell turnover, which prevents pores from getting clogged in the first place.

9. What is Roaccutane (isotretinoin), who should consider it, and what are the main side effects?

Isotretinoin (brand name Roaccutane) is a powerful oral medication for severe, treatment-resistant acne or acne that causes significant scarring. It is highly effective and can lead to long-term remission. However, it has significant side effects, including severe dryness of the skin and lips, and requires strict medical supervision with regular blood tests. It causes severe birth defects, so strict pregnancy prevention is mandatory for female patients.

10. What is the difference between the red/brown marks and the actual "pits" left by acne?

Marks (Post-Acne Marks): These are flat spots of pigmentation (red or brown). The issue here is with skin color, not texture. Scars (Pits): These are physical changes in the skin's surface, like depressions or indentations. The issue here is with skin texture due to collagen loss.

11. How can I treat the red marks (PIE) left by pimples?

Topical products with anti-inflammatory ingredients like niacinamide and azelaic acid can help. However, the most effective treatment is in-office vascular laser therapy, which specifically targets the damaged blood vessels causing the redness.

12. What is the best way to get rid of brown spots (PIH) after acne?

The single most important step is strict, daily use of sunscreen to prevent them from getting darker. Effective topical treatments include retinoids, azelaic acid, vitamin C, and niacinamide. In-office procedures like chemical peels can also speed up their fading.

13. Can creams fix acne scars (pits), or do I need professional procedures?

Topical creams are generally ineffective for treating atrophic scars (pits). These textural changes require professional in-office procedures designed to stimulate new collagen and remodel the skin, such as fractional laser, microneedling, or filler injections.

Sources

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